Canadian Studies

141.

Juvenile Delinquency and Victimization in Canada: Relationship to Family, Peer Groups and Perceived Norms (7 Pages, 83.65 $ (USD) )

This is a 7 page paper discussing juvenile delinquency and victimization in relation to societal norms, and peer and familial groups. The definition of deviance has changed over the centuries and what were once considered acts of demonic possession in regards to criminal action are now considered violent reactions to elements within society. Juvenile delinquents have long been considered deviants to society because their actions do not “conform” to the norms of society and in fact “offend” society. In fact however, on assessing recent studied rates of juvenile delinquency and victimization in Canada, it has been reported that over half of the youths studied have committed acts of delinquency. In addition, youths who have reported high rates of delinquency have also reported high rates of victimization in their peer and family environments. If this is the case, youths who are considered delinquents may only be reacting to their immediate violent environments of peer and family in which victimization and delinquency are considered the norm and committing further acts of delinquency is reinforced and in part considered acceptable by their peer and family social groups. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

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142.

Emergency Medical Services Communication Barriers to Access for Prostitutes, Transsexuals and the Homeless Population (6 Pages, 71.7 $ (USD) )

This is a 6 page paper with added tutorial language discussing the emergency medical services communication barriers which exist in the special populations of prostitutes, transsexuals and homeless populations. Although various emergency and health care services are offered in Toronto and the province of Ontario, the populations of homeless people, prostitutes and transsexuals are reluctant to use these services. All three of these populations have reported harassment, and “treat ‘em and street ‘em” minimal services from emergency health care services. This adds to the reluctance to contact these services in addition to the fear of contacting official agencies because of the legal implications. Incidence of drug and alcohol abuse and underage prostitution in addition to the high degree of violence associated with prostitution lead to an obvious initial degree of reluctance to contact authorities in regards to emergency assistance. Unfortunately, these populations have a higher need of emergency services than most due to the increase risk of substance abuse, exposure to disease and in the case of transsexuals, complications due to the administration of hormones. Despite the findings from most studies, initial examination of services offered in homeless shelters in the Toronto area show that these first contact agencies do not include access to emergency and health care services. In order to improve communication to these populations first contact should perhaps be instigated through these initial services. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

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143.

Discrimination Against Ex-Convicts in Canada (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This 5 page paper looks at Canada's laws in respect to human and civil rights. The plight of the ex-convict is explored. The paper uses a fictitious case study and argues that ex-cons should not be discriminated against and that it should be a part of the law. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

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144.

Conflict Management Methods in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This is a 5 page paper discussing conflict management in the RCMP. Conflict management techniques are considered a large and very important part of organizations today. Management has for decades struggled with conflict management using highly formalized methods in which the manager must instigate the process and employees must file official grievances; causing a negotiation process which could last from months to years to complete. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) however has recently adopted a simple yet effective conflict management program called “Alternative Dispute Resolution” or ADR which bases its premise on “fast, friendly, flexible and fair” resolutions instigated at the lowest possible levels and the process is undertaken immediately for quick resolution. Largely, the program is well supported throughout the organization and the process leaves employees feeling a great deal of satisfaction in the resolution of their conflicts. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

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145.

The Organizational and Cultural Climate of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This is a 5 page paper discussing the organization and the cultural climate of the RCMP. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) as the national policing force in Canada has grown in its organization and outreach capacities considerably since its formation in 1873. Originally formed to patrol the Prairie regions and establish relationships with the First Nations in that area, the Force has grown into an national organization with international relationships. Structurally, the organization is based under the Commissioner in Ottawa at its Headquarters but through the recent development of four regions, the administrative duties have been delegated on a regional basis. In addition to the core administrative structure, the RCMP members are encouraged to continue their education in the understanding of multicultural communities within Canada and on an international basis. The members do this in many different ways such as certification through their online university; organization of cultural awareness sessions within their communities; becoming involved with many volunteer organizations such as the Musical Ride; and, participating in international policing efforts. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

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146.

Motivational Processes in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This is a 5 page paper discussing motivational processes and the RCMP. Motivational processes used within corporate structures and within police structures are inherently different. Modern day corporate structures use motivational techniques which are based on rewards and increasing employee satisfaction which could range from increased responsibility, benefits, salary or more direct impact on actions and results of position duties. Within policing organizations however, such as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in Canada, organizations are based on hierarchical structures with a military base. Because of this, the traditional motivation by punishment can still seen in addition to the more recent motivation by reward. Increasingly, the RCMP organization has opened its motivational processes to include many psychological components of job satisfaction which include community participation to allow the members the opportunity to work outside of the traditional structured environment and see how relationships between the RCMP and the community can positively impact law enforcement which in turn motivates the member to succeed and remain with the Force. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

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147.

Communication Processes Used by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This is a 5 page paper discussing communication processes within the RCMP. Within the last decade, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) initiated a communications plan introduced by the External Review Committee which would increase communications internally in the organization and externally with the public and emergency personnel. Since the introduction of the plan several processes have been implemented which have seen the conception of this plan. Within the organization, several communication channels have been introduced such as the new conflict management program called the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Project which has created an open and interactive dispute process replacing the slower grievance submission process. Internally, the Review Committee is also responsible for making sure communication and reporting procedures within the organization run smoothly. Externally, several new programs have been introduced to improve communications such as the Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP and the formation of new technologies which include the Wide-Area Radio Network allowing direct communication links between the RCMP, fire and emergency personnel services. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

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148.

Sociological Theories in Regards to Divorce in Canada: An Examination of Five Newspaper Articles (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This is a 5 page paper examining social theories in regards to five Canadian newspaper articles on divorce. An examination of five recent articles found in Canadian newspapers regarding divorce in Canada has touched on several sociological theories. Largely, liberal feminism theories have been prevalent in regards to the accessibility of divorce to women which has occurred within the last century. This accessibility is seen as a step toward equal opportunity for women. However, from an economic standpoint, women are seen as better off within a marriage as the rate of divorced women with families has gradually increased over the years as women not only have lower overall incomes but also have the increased financial responsibility of the custody of the children in most cases. Lastly, Parsons’ theories relating to the function of the family unit relate to articles which show how the socialization of the children and the stabilization of the adult personality are not continued when divorce separates a family. Sociological theories were summarized by notes provided by customer. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

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149.

The Use of Promissory Estoppel as a Shield and not a Sword: Canadian Cases and Arguments (8 Pages, 95.6 $ (USD) )

This is an 8 page paper discussing the concept of promissory estoppel as a shield and not a sword in consideration of Canadian legal cases. Promissory estoppel is a legal term based upon a principle where someone who has relied upon a gratuitous promise may be able to enforce it and based on one definition by the Legal Information Institute is stated as “the doctrine allowing recovery on a promise made without consideration when the reliance on the promise was reasonable, and the promise relied to his or her detriment”. Promissory estoppel is used as a defensive action and because of this is considered best used as a “shield” and not as a “sword” from a legal standpoint. Using Canadian cases which have utilized the promissory estoppel tool, defensively it is much easier implemented and easier to realize when a case fulfills the requirements for promissory estoppel. Cases which have attempted to use promissory estoppel as a “sword” have been less successful because often vital elements necessary for the fulfillment of promissory estoppel are not met such as agreement of action, equity, unambiguous consensus and consideration. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

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150.

Canadian Administrative Reforms: Trends, Improvements and Concerns (10 Pages, 119.5 $ (USD) )

This is a 10 page paper discussing Canadian administrative reforms, concerns and improvements. The Canadian federal government reforms over the past fifty years have shifted a great deal in their initiatives, structures and priorities which have deeply impacted the reforms and initiatives of the provincial and municipal governments as well. The reforms in the 1960s and 1970s in Canada initiated by the Canadian government established an increase in social systems, benefits and an increase in the public sector which allowed for the support of these programs. While no major shift occurred during the 1980s, the recession of the early 1990s and an increasing federal public deficit of over $540 billion led to a great deal of restructuring and shifting of initiatives and resources in the mid to late 1990s. Federal funding was drastically reduced by reforms which led to the decentralization and privatization of programs and industry and an increased responsibility placed on each provincial and territorial government. The provincial governments in turn enacted reforms which led to drastic cuts in education, health care and social programs which are still considered controversial and a major concern today. Recently, governmental reforms have shifted slightly again to highlight business networking, accountability, regulation and e-government in order to increase efficiency and accessibility of governmental services. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

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