This is a 9 page paper discussing the cosmological, ontological and teleological arguments and criticisms in regards to the existence of God by Descartes, Kant and Hume. Rene Descartes, Immanuel Kant and David Hume among many others have arguments in regards to the existence of God. Descartes offered cosmological and ontological arguments for the existence of God. Descartes’ cosmological argument is causal in its format as it is based on the premise that the idea of infinite perfection could only originate from the real existence of an infinite being. From an ontological perspective, Descartes offers a more simple presupposition in that whatever he clearly can perceive is true and if he can perceive the idea of God, then God exists. Kant argues primarily against the use of presuppositions in Descartes arguments as he notes that “existence is not a property or predicate” but merely a “positing of a thing”. Hume, on the other hand criticizes the arguments on the basis that “matter of fact” can only be based on experience. In addition, “whatever we conceive as existent, we can also conceive as non-existent”. Hume also argues against the analogies used in the teleological arguments for the existence of God because they too can never settle a factual question and to assume that one can know a cause of an action without experiencing it is a faulty and misleading assumption as events or actions can be caused by multiple purposes and no one cause can be assumed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

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Cartesian Dualism Challenged

2 Pages, 1126 Words, 15 USD

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Descartes’ Cogito Argument (4 Pages, 47.8 USD)

This is a 4 page paper discussing the interpretations of Descartes’ cogito argument. Philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650) wrote his Mediations de prima philosophia in 1641 in an attempt to find the basic absolute truths in our beliefs, more specifically into a “belief he can be certain is true, even if he is believing, or God or an evil demon is trying to deceive him as fully as possible”. In Mediation II (1642), Descartes writes that “So after considering everything very thoroughly, I must finally conclude that this proposition, I am, I exist, is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind”. There are several interpretations which have arisen from Descartes’ Mediation II, the most common being the idea “Cogito ergo sum” or “I am thinking, therefore I exist”. The two main interpretations of Descartes’ Mediation II involve the emphasis of the “I” within “I am, I exist” and the emphasis of the concept “think” within “I am thinking, therefore I exist”. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

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Rene Descartes and Reality (5 Pages, 59.75 USD)

This 5 page report discusses Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and his philosophy regarding reality. While he is most famous for his cognito “I think, therefore I am,” that proclamation is less than an accurate or meaningful statement as it relates to the reality of what Descartes believed to be the existence of humanity. Descartes’ “The Meditations” was published in Paris in 1641 and has come to generally be viewed as the most important of all of Descartes’ works. It is in “The Meditations” that he best presents his metaphysical and epistemological premises in their entirety. Bibliography lists one source.

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Descartes / On Intellect & Knowledge (5 Pages, 59.75 USD)

A 5 page paper that describes Descartes basic theory behind the development of intellect and knowledge as they relate to perceptions of experience. Descartes believes that any understanding of intellect or knowledge of the world around must be based in a deductive process of the mind and not in the constantly variable realm of experience. Because experience can be both true and false, Descartes argues that this makes experience an impossible basis for the knowledge. This paper gives primary support for a major theory of Descartes: 'I think therefore I am.'

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